Izinqwaba ze-mitochondria (ophuzi) ngaphakathi kwezigaxa ze-photoreceptor ze-gopher zidlala indima engalindelekile ekugxilweni okunembe kakhudlwana kokukhanya okusabalalisayo (ukukhanya okuvela ngezansi) (i-blue beam).Lokhu kuziphatha kwe-optical kungathuthukisa ukubona ngokwenza ama-pigments kumaseli e-cone asebenze kahle ekuthwebuleni ukukhanya.
Umiyane ukubhekile nge-microlens array.Uphendulela ikhanda lakho, ubambe i-flyswatter esandleni sakho, bese ubheka i-vampire ngeso lakho elithobekile, elinelensi elilodwa.Kodwa kuvela ukuthi ningabonana - kanye nomhlaba - ngaphezu kwalokho okucabangayo.
Ucwaningo olushicilelwe ngenyanga edlule ephephabhukwini i-Science Advances luthole ukuthi ngaphakathi kweso lesilwane esincelisayo, i-mitochondria, i-cell-nourishing organelles, ingathatha indima yesibili yama-microlens, esiza ekugxiliseni ukukhanya kuma-photopigments, lezi pigments ziguqula ukukhanya kube izimpawu zemizwa ukuze ubuchopho bukwazi ukugxila. tolika.Okutholakele kubonisa ukufana okumangalisayo phakathi kwamehlo ezilwane ezincelisayo kanye namehlo ayingxube ezinambuzane namanye ama-arthropods, okuphakamisa ukuthi amehlo ethu anobunzima obufihlekile bokubona nokuthi ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwenze ingxenye yakudala kakhulu yokwakheka kwamangqamuzana ethu atholakala ukuze asetshenziswe okusha.
I-lens engaphambili kwehlo igxilisa ukukhanya okuvela endaweni ezungezile kuya oqwembeni oluncane lwezicubu ezingemuva, olubizwa ngokuthi i-retina.Lapho, amangqamuzana e-photoreceptor - izigaxa ezinemibala emhlabeni wethu nezinduku ezisisiza ukuthi sihambe ekukhanyeni okuphansi - amunca ukukhanya futhi akuguqule kube amasignali emizwa aya ebuchosheni.Kodwa ama-photopigments atholakala ekugcineni kwama-photoreceptors, ngokushesha ngemuva kwenqwaba ye-mitochondrial.Ukuhlelwa okungajwayelekile kwale nqwaba kuguqula i-mitochondria ibe yizithiyo ezibonakala zingadingekile zokusabalalisa ukukhanya.
I-Mitochondria "yisithiyo sokugcina" sezinhlayiya ezikhanyayo, kusho u-Wei Li, umcwaningi ophezulu e-National Eye Institute kanye nomlobi oholayo wephepha.Iminyaka eminingi, ososayensi bombono abakwazanga ukuqonda lolu lungiselelo olungavamile lwalawa ma-organelles - emva kwakho konke, i-mitochondria yamangqamuzana amaningi abambelela ku-organelle yawo ephakathi - i-nucleus.
Abanye ososayensi baye basikisela ukuthi le misebe kungenzeka yavela budebuduze nalapho amasignali okukhanya aguqulwa abe amasignali emizwa, inqubo edinga amandla evumela amandla ukuba amponswe kalula futhi alethwe ngokushesha.Kodwa ucwaningo lwaqala ukukhombisa ukuthi ama-photoreceptor awadingi ama-mitochondria amaningi ukuze athole amandla—kunalokho, angathola amandla engeziwe ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-glycolysis, eyenzeka ku-gelatinous cytoplasm yeseli.
U-Lee nethimba lakhe bafunde ngendima yala mapheshana e-mitochondrial ngokuhlaziya amangqamuzana e-cone e-gopher, isilwane esincelisayo esincane esibona kahle kakhulu emini kodwa empeleni siyimpumputhe ebusuku ngenxa yokuthi ama-photoreceptors ayo amakhoni makhulu ngokungenakulinganiswa.
Ngemva kokulingiswa kwekhompyutha kubonise ukuthi izinyanda ze-mitochondrial zingaba nezindawo zokubona, u-Lee nethimba lakhe baqala ukuhlola izinto zangempela.Basebenzise amasampula amancane e-squirrel retinas, futhi iningi lamaseli akhishwa ngaphandle kwezigaxa ezimbalwa, ngakho “bathole isikhwama se-mitochondria” esifakwe kahle ngaphakathi kolwelwesi, kusho u-Lee.
Ngokukhanyisa leli sampula nokuyihlola ngokucophelela ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu esikhethekile esidizayinwe ngu-John Ball, usosayensi kulebhu ka-Lee nombhali oholayo wocwaningo, sithole umphumela ongalindelekile.Ukukhanya okudlula ensimini ye-mitochondrial kubonakala njengokugqama, okugxiliswe ngokucijile.Abacwaningi bathatha izithombe namavidiyo okukhanya kungena ebumnyameni ngalawa ma-microlens, lapho ama-photopigments alinde khona ezilwaneni eziphilayo.
Inqwaba ye-mitochondrial idlala indima ebalulekile, hhayi njengesithiyo, kodwa ekuletheni ukukhanya okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka kuma-photoreceptors ngokulahleka okuncane, kusho uLi.
Esebenzisa ukulingisa, yena nozakwabo baqinisekisa ukuthi umphumela we-lens ngokuyinhloko ubangelwa inqwaba ye-mitochondrial ngokwayo, hhayi ulwelwesi oluzungezile (nakuba ulwelwesi ludlala indima).I-quirk yomlando wemvelo we-gopher futhi yabasiza ukuthi babonise ukuthi ukwakheka kwenqwaba ye-mitochondrial kubalulekile ekhonweni layo lokugxila: phakathi nezinyanga i-gopher ilala ngayo, inqwaba yayo ye-mitochondrial iyaphazamiseka futhi iyancipha.Lapho abacwaningi bemodela ukuthi kwenzekani lapho ukukhanya kudlula kunqwaba ye-mitochondrial yengwejeje yaphansi elele, bathola ukuthi ayigxili ekukhanyeni njengalapho yeluliwe futhi iyalwe kakhulu.
Esikhathini esidlule, abanye ososayensi baye baphakamisa ukuthi izinyanda ze-mitochondrial zingasiza ekuqoqeni ukukhanya ku-retina, kuphawula uJanet Sparrow, uprofesa wezifo zamehlo e-Columbia University Medical Center.Nokho, lo mbono wabonakala uyinqaba: “Abanye abantu abanjengami bahleka bathi, ‘Wozani, ingabe ngempela ninemitochondria eminingi kangaka yokuqondisa ukukhanya?- uthe."Umbhalo ofakazayo ngempela - futhi muhle kakhulu."
U-Lee nozakwabo bakholelwa ukuthi abakubona kuma-gophers kungenzeka ukuthi kwenzeka nakubantu nakwezinye izinkawu, ezinesakhiwo esifana kakhulu sephiramidi.Bacabanga ukuthi ingase ichaze isenzakalo sokuqala esachazwa ngo-1933 esibizwa ngokuthi i-Stiles-Crawford effect, lapho ukukhanya okudlula phakathi nendawo yomfundi kubhekwa njengokugqama kunokukhanya okudlula nge-engeli.Ngenxa yokuthi ukukhanya okumaphakathi kungagxila kakhulu kunqwaba ye-mitochondrial, abacwaningi bacabanga ukuthi kungagxilwa kangcono kumbala wekhoni.Baphakamisa ukuthi ukulinganisa umphumela we-Stiles-Crawford kungasiza ekutholakaleni kusenesikhathi kwezifo ze-retina, eziningi zazo eziholela ekulimaleni kwe-mitochondrial kanye nezinguquko.Ithimba lika-Lee belifuna ukuhlaziya ukuthi i-mitochondria enesifo igxila kanjani ekukhanyeni ngendlela ehlukile.
"Kuyimodeli yokuhlola enhle" kanye nokutholwa okusha kakhulu, kusho u-Yirong Peng, umsizi kaprofesa wezifo zamehlo e-UCLA ongazange abambe iqhaza ocwaningweni.Kuyoba okuthakazelisayo ukubona ukuthi lezi zinqwaba ze-mitochondrial zingasebenza yini ngaphakathi kwezinduku ukuze kuthuthukiswe umbono wasebusuku, u-Peng wanezela.
Okungenani kumacones, la ma-mitochondria kungenzeka aguquke abe ama-microlens ngoba ulwelwesi lwawo lwakhiwe ama-lipids ashintsha ukukhanya ngokwemvelo, kusho u-Lee.“Iwumsebenzi ongcono kakhulu wesici.”
I-Lipids nayo ibonakala ithola lo msebenzi kwenye indawo emvelweni.Ezinyonini nasezilwaneni ezihuquzelayo, izakhiwo ezibizwa ngokuthi amaconsi kawoyela ziye zakhula ku-retina ezisebenza njengezihlungi zemibala, kodwa futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi zisebenza njengama-microlens, njengezinqwaba ze-mitochondrial.Esimweni esihle sokuguquguquka kwemvelo, izinyoni ezizungeza phezulu, omiyane bezungeza inyamazane yabo ejabulisayo yabantu, ufunda lokhu nezici ezifanele zokubuka ezivele zavela ngokuzimela - ukuzivumelanisa okuheha ababukeli.Lapha kuza izwe elicacile nelikhanyayo.
Inothi lomhleli: U-Yirong Peng uthole ukwesekwa yi-Klingenstein-Simons Fellowship, iphrojekthi esekelwe ngokwengxenye i-Simons Foundation, ephinde ixhase lo magazini ohlelwe ngokuzimela.Isinqumo sezimali se-Simmons Foundation asithinti ukubika kwethu.
Ukulungiswa: Ephreli 6, 2022 Isihloko sesithombe esikhulu ekuqaleni sikhombe ngokungalungile umbala wenqwaba ye-mitochondrial njengonsomi esikhundleni sophuzi.Ukungcola okunsomi kuhlotshaniswa nolwelwesi oluzungeze inqwaba.
Umagazini we-Quanta wengamela ukubuyekezwa ukuze ukhuthaze inkhulumomphendvulwano enolwazi, enenjongo nephucuzekile.Amazwana acunulayo, ahlambalazayo, azikhangisayo, adukisayo, angahambisani, noma angekho esihlokweni azonqatshwa.Omengameli bavuliwe phakathi namahora avamile ebhizinisi (isikhathi saseNew York) futhi bangamukela kuphela amazwana abhalwe ngesiNgisi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-22-2022
